Anatomy Questions due 4/22
Anatomy Blogs
Anatomy Questions due 4/22-Homework.
- How do B cells and T cells differ?
- Explain the difference between acquired immunity and innate immunity.
- Name three types of immune defenses.
- What nutrients can benefit immunity?
- What is the purpose of IgG.
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1. T-cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attack macrophages, to destroy the antigen. B- cells are used in the production of antibodies.
2. Acquired immunity comes from vaccines and medicines and innate immunity comes naturally from pathogens attacking the body.
3. innate, addaptive, passive
4. vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, Iron, manganese, and zinc
5. igG is a specific type of antibody
1. B cells make copies of themselves for a secondary immune response, while T cells do not. Both of these cells come from each other, but B cells remain stationary, while T cells move freely through the blood and lymph.
2. Acquired immunity requires getting a disease or shot, your body doesn’t naturally know how to fight off the disease. Innate immunity, however, is natural and the immune system has the instinctive tools to fight a pathogen.
3. Fever, Skin and Mucus Membranes, Inflammation
4. Nutrients you get from fruits and vegetables. Vitamin C being a very common one. Other vitamins and chemicals contained within these foods also help the immune system.
5. IgG is involved in a secondary immune response and coordinates with helping the antibody response to become more developed. It can also pass through the placenta.
1.B cells and T cells are both lymphocytes. T cells attack to the foreign antigen directly through cell mediated immunity while B cells are responsible for producing antibodies to protect against diseases through humoral immune response.
2.Innate immunity is which we are born with such as specie resistance, mechanical and chemical barriers while acquired immunity is that which our body develops when contact with the pathogen.
3. Phagocytosis, specie resistance, chemical barrier.
4.Fresh fruit and vegetable improves immune system function.
5.It is effective against viruses, bacteria and toxins.
1. T cells arise from cells that are from white bone marrow an then move to the thymus and attack specific foreign cells. B cells are from the red bone marrow and produce and secret antibodies
2. Innate is non specific and fast to react and then die. Acquired is also adaptive and has B and T cells that make antibodies and attack foreign cells.
3. The skin protects from any disease and the stomach acid kills any bacteria through the digestive system. Then the second is nonspecific responses and then the adaptive response kills it by anitbodies.
4. The immune system needs water, potassium, calcium, protein, and sodium.
5. When the body is attacked by harmful bacteria or
Viruses the antibodies produced in the blood attack the harmful foreign cells
1. B cells contain t cells. The t cell is the part of the b cell that attaches to antigens and then destroys them through phagocytosis.
2. Acquired immunity is something that the body develops over time and is enhanced with vaccines and other shots. Innate immunity is the protective system that your body is born with.
3. Your skin is an immune defense because it protects your blood and vital organs from infection, and it is often times the body’s first line of defense. Fever is another immunity function. It helps burn the virus and it also pushes it away from organs by radiating heat outwards. Lastly gastric acid is a good chemical barrier that digests many pathogens in the stomach.
4. Vitamin c is important also iron, potassium, and a healthy amount of sodium and magnesium.
5. IgG is an antibody that is found in blood and lymph it is the main antibody that attacks pathogens, toxins and bactia.
1. T cells and B cells are both lymphocytes, which respond to the presence of specific antigens. T cells arise from cells that originate in the bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus gland, where they mature.
2. Innate Immunity prevents entry of micro-organisms into tissues or, once they have gained entry, eliminates them prior to the occurrence of disease. Acquired immunity occurs after one contracts a disease and becomes immune to it.
3. three types of immune defenses are a fever, skin, and throwing up
4. healthy foods, a balanced diet, vitamins, and antioxidants help the immune system
5. The therapy helps the body fight off infection and helps control the symptoms of many chronic diseases.
1. T cells are used for cell-mediated immunity and they take on specific foreign pathogens in the body. B cells produce and secrete antibodies.
2. Acquired immunity is developed after the body has come into contact with a specific pathogen (i.e. after receiving a vaccination) and then knows how to combat the disease. Innate immunity is present at birth and does not change throughout one’s life; it includes a variety of mechanical and chemical barriers such as the skin and stomach acid.
3. Fever, vomiting, coughing.
4. Vitamins C and E, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.
5. IgG is a test used to determine the number antibodies in your blood. IgGs detect the most common (and smallest) antibodies in the body, the IgG antibody. They fight bacterial and viral infections and are the only antibodies that can be given to a fetus during pregnancy to help protect it.
1. B cells produce antigens, while T cells produce macrophages
2. Acquired immunity is specific and is built after the body has been exposed to immunogens, while innate immunity is nonspecific and are there for general protection
3. Antibodies – proteins that fight off specific antigens, White Blood Cells – fight off infections, Spleen – filters out foreign particles from the blood
4. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Zinc
5. It is a test performed by a doctor to see if the patient has an antibody for a specific antigen
1. B-cells attack antigens in a different way, they divide when stimulated to give rise to the cells that differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies.
2. Innate immunity protects against many types of pathogens and acquired immunity targets certain pathogens.
3. Innate, Adaptive, and Passive
4. Vitamin A, C, and E
5. To protect against bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
1. B cells come from T cells.
2. Innate immunity is what your born with and acquired immunity is the build up of immunity to things you’ve been exposed to over time.
3. T cells, Skin, Inflammation
4. Good bacteria, Antioxidants, Vitamins
5. IgG defends against disease.
1. T cells are made in the thymus, while B cells are made in the bone marrow. Also T cells directly attack foreign invaders, while B cells indirectly attack invaders through the production of antibodies.
2. Innate immunity are immune responses that organisms can do from the beginning of life, such as inflammation or fever. Acquired immunity are immune responses that organisms pick up in response to stimulus foreign invaders, such as a resistance to chicken pox after a human has caught the disease.
3. Inflammation, fever, and immune cells are all examples of immune defenses in organisms.
4. Vitamins, such as vitamin C and D, minerals, such as zinc and selenium can help benefit immunity.
5. IgG is used to help attack foreign invaders through antibody responses such as agglutination.
1. B-cells produce the antibodies and plasma cells that attack antigens, T-cells aid the B-cells in this process and also help to attack antigens.
2. Innate immunity attacks the antigens right away while acquired immunity begins after being exposed to immunogens and uses B-Cells and T-cells to attack the antigens.
3. The three types are innate, passive, and adaptive.
4. Vitamin C, proteins, and antioxidants can benefit immunity.
5. It is a protein or antibody that that is an important part of the body’s defense against disease.
1.B cells secrete antibodies, while T cells typically bind to antigens with their receptors and secrete various chemicals to destroy infected cells.
2. Acquired immunity would not be present from the birth and therefore it is known as acquired; Innate immunity is the body’s defense.
3.
4.Vitamin c, vitamin e, omega 3 fatty acids
5. IgG antibodies are very important in fighting bacterial and viral infections. IgG antibodies are the only type of antibody that can cross the placenta in a pregnant woman to help protect her baby
1. B cells develop in the bone marrow and interact indirectly with anitgens or antigen-bearing agents; T cells are found in the thymus and interact directly with anitigens and antigen-bearing agents
2. acquired immunity involves a person who is exposed to a pathogen and develops a disease; innate immunity is when a person encounters a pathogen and their first line defenses are able to destroy the pathogen
3. mechanical, chemical, fever
4. nutrients from pumkins, onions, peppers, broccoli, fruits
5. activates a group of immune system enzymes called complements
1.The t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages to destroy the antigen. B cells are used in the production of antibodies and when they encounter a new antigen, plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the devision of a b cell.
2. Innate immunity – those element with which an individual is born and that are always present and available at short notice to protect the individual from attack by foreign invaders.
Adaptive immunity – more specialised system, which is generally slower and highly specific to the antigen.
3. Innate, adaptive, and physical barriers.
4. Calcium, Vitamin D/C/A, beta carotenes, herbs, spices, etc.
5. IgG is involved in the secondary immune response. The presence of specific IgG corresponds to maturation of the antibody response.
1.
There are different types of b cell and t cell. both are lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cell. the t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages (big immune cells which ‘eat’ antigens), to destroy the antigen. b cells are used in the production of antibodies. when they encounter a new antigen, plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the devision of a b cell. the memory cell remembers the antigen and which antibody to use, while the plasma cell makes the antibodies to fight a particular antigen or class of antigens
2.You are born with innate immunity which consists of natural barriers to infection. Acquired is developed after birth when you come into contact with antigens
3.Specificity, Memory, Tolerance
4.Water
5.are antibody molecules. Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains
1. B cells and T cells differ in that B cells are responsible for making antibodies while T cells are responsible for cellular immunity and attack certain foreign cells that could cause damage e to the body.
2. The main differences between adaptive (?) immunity and innate immunity is that adaptive immunity is very specific and targets only certain pathogens while innate immunity can prevent the entry of pathogens by mechanical barriers, fever, phagocytes, and inflammation.
3. Three types of immune defenses are adaptive (specific), innate (nonspecific), innate includes species resistance, chemical barrier, fever, inflammation, and phagocytosis.
4. Some nutrients that can benefit immunity are fruit, vegetables, minerals, vitamins, etc. Nutrients help with immunity because it keeps the immune system stronger and more stable and it gives it more energy to fight off possible bad substances.
5. IgG is located in plasma and tissue fluids and its main purpose it to help with fighting against bacteria, viruses, and dangerous toxins.
1. lymphocytes, or T cells, compose about 80 percent of the lymphocytes circulating in the blood. When B lymphocytes, which compose about 10 percent of total lymphocytes, contact the antigens on abnormal cells, the lymphocytes enlarge and divide to become plasma cells.
2. atural immunity: immunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual’s natural biologic makeup. Acquired immunity: immunity to a particular disease that is not innate but has been acquired during life.
3. Types of immune defenses: Antibodies, white blood cells, and t cells.
4. Nutrients: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta-carotene, and other carotenoids.
5. IgG is the main antibody defense against bacteria.
1.Structure, gene coding, and binding.
2.acquried-must adapt to molecules it hasn’t seen before
innate-acts on many organisms and isn’t more effeicient when presented with the same molecule more than once
3. chemical barrier, physical barrier, adaptive immune system
4. Probiotics, beta-glucan, allicin.
5. Presen during secondary immune response, and means the maturing of the antibody response
1. B cells have to do with specific immunity that deal with antibodies. T-cells provide immunity without using antibodies.
2. Innate immunity prevent microbes from entering the body and deals with antigens before becoming sick. Acquired immunity occurs in response to an infection and produces antibodies so that the person is never sick with that disease again.
3. Skin and saliva and stomach acid all are immune defenses.
4. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C and D , and water.
5. The purpose of IgG is that they are antibodies. They keep a person from getting a sickness again.
1.T cells and B cells are both lymphocytes, which respond to the presence of specific antigens. T cells arise from cells that originate in the bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus gland, where they mature. They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and attack specific foreign cells in the body. B cells develop in the red bone marrow. They are responsible for producing and secreting specific antibodies.
2.innate immunity is non specific, immediate response, and has no immunological memories. Adaptive immunity has a specific reaction, lag time between infection/exposure and response, and has immunological memories (memory B and T cells)
3. Antibodies, T cells, and B cells are types of immune defences.
4. Beta-carotene and other carotenoids, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin E benefit immunity.
5.IgG antibodies are involved in predominantly the secondary immune response.IgG antibodies are very important in fighting bacterial and viral infections. IgG antibodies are the only type of antibody that can cross the placenta in a pregnant woman to help protect her baby.
1. b cells come from red bone marrow where t cells come from other cells.
2.acquired immunity is something you are born with and is already with you innate is something that develops overtime.
3.innate, adaptive, passive.
4.antioxidants, vitamen a, b and c,
5.it helps to build antibodies.
1.the t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages, and which destroy the antigen,while b cells are used in the production of antibodies.
2.Innate immunity is the type of the immunity in which our body can protect itself from a disease without a need for medicine, like phagocytosis, mechanical barriers like our skin and coughing or vomiting.Acquired immunity is the type which occurs in response to infection called adaptive as the immune system must adapt itself to previously unseen molecules it can also be gained by a vaccine.
3.Immune defenses-cellular defense can be based on lymphocytes defending humans and macrophages, skin barriers are also used and medicine.
4.Antioxidants, like the chemical found in plants, help neutralize free radicals and protect cells, vitamins and minerals,yogurt can help protect the body because it has bacteria.
5.IgG is an antibody monomer which is most abundant in blood out of the 5 types and the only ig class that crosses placenta promoting passive immunity of fetus.
1. Both T and B cells will originate from the bone marrow as lymphocytes but some of these cells reach the thymus where they mature into T cells. The other non T cells that remain in the bone marrow differentiate into B cells. B cells are responsible for the production of antibodies. T cells are mainly used to identify antigens and use macrophages to destroy foreign antigens.
2. Innate immunity prevents the entry of pathogens by mechanical barriers, fever, inflammation and phagocytosis while acquired immunity is when the defense mechanisms are very precise, targeting certain pathogens.
3. Three types of immune defenses: chemical barriers such as enzymes, fever, and inflammation.
4. Omega 3 fatty foods such as fish, garlic because it contains allicin that fights infection and bacteria and any foods such as sweet potatoes that contain vitamin A because this vitamin keeps your skin healthy which in turn will lead to production of connective tissue.
5. IgG is an antibody produces that is effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins. The are used mainly in the secondary immune response. It is the only antibody that can protect the fetus.
1. B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response. T cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
2. Acquired immunity is when you get or catch it. Innate is when your born with it.
3. Layered defense surface barriers Innate defenses
4. Innate and layered nutrients and growing ones
5. IgG constitutes 75% of serum immunoglobulins in humans.
1. B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response. T cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity and fix deferent immunities.
2. Acquired immunity is when you get or catch it. Innate is when your born with it from birth or from growing in birth.
3. Layered defense surface barriers Innate defenses
4. Innate and layered nutrients and acquired nutrients and required ones.
5. IgG constitutes 75% of serum immunoglobulins in humans which help in the body and help with its functions
1. T cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attract macrophages to destroy the antigen. B cells are used in the production of antibodies.
2. Innate immunity is acquired from birth and is for the whole species. Acquired immunity is developed as the body becomes familiar with different types of viruses and bacteria.
3. Innate, adaptive, and passive.
4. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables are very helpful in helping the immune system.
5. Immunoglobulin therapy is ordered by a physician when the patient’s body does not produce enough of its own or a temporary boost in immunoglobulin is helpful in treating a specific disease. The therapy helps the body fight off infection and helps control the symptoms of many chronic diseases. Immunoglobulin therapy can be used to treat a wide variety of health conditions, but it is not a cure. Individuals who notice improvements in their health after receiving IgG often require additional treatments. Some individuals may need IgG replacement throughout their lifetime.
1. the t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages to destroy the antigen. b cells are used in the production of antibodies. when they encounter a new antigen, plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the devision of a b cell. the memory cell remembers the antigen and which antibody to use, while the plasma cell makes the antibodies to fight a particular antigen or class of antigens
2.The Innate System is a first line response after an infection happens. The Adaptive System is when an immune cell show the pathogen to a lymph node and from there b cells will make antibodys speically to that pathogen.
innate system is non specific but acquired is specific
3. Enzymes, Eukaryotes, Phagocytosis
4. Vitamine C, vitamine E, Selenium, zinc, Catechins
5. to determine the amount of immunoglobulin G in the blood stream
1. They differ in structure, the genes that encode them, and the type of epitote that they bind.
2. Innate immunity is present since one was born and and aquired is you have to adapt it while living.
3. Innate, adaptive, passive.
4.Right food, antioxidants, and vitamins.
5.It measure the clinical diagnosis.
1. T cells are made from cells that originate in the bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus gland where they mature. They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and attack specific foreign cells in the body. B cells develop in the red bone marrow. They are responsible for producing and secreting specific antibodies.
2. Innate immunity is the immunity you get from vaccinations and acquired immunity is like your own immune system.
3. Immune defense against bacterial pathogens-innate immunity, cellular defense, immune system.
4. Beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidants.
5. It is the main antibody defense against bacteria.
1. T cells are mainly used for identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attack macrophages to destroy the antigen. B cells are used in the production of antibodies. When they encounter a new antigen plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the devision of a B cell.
2. Acquired immunity is the development of antibodies after an attack of an infectious disease. Innate immunity is immunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual’s natural biologic makeup.
3. Three types of immune defenses are innate, adaptive and passive. Innate is general protection. Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes and develops as people are exposed to disease. Passive immunity is borrowed from another source and lasts for a short time.
4. The nutrients that benefit immunity are Vitamin C, E, carotenoids, zinc, garlic and selenium.
5. IgG helps the body fight off infection and helps control the symptoms of many chronic diseases.
1. T cells are first response, and attack the intruder, while B cells are memory cells so that the body recognizes anything acquired more than once.
2. acquired immunity is from having the disease before. Innate immunity you are born with.
3. adaptive immunity, non cellular, specific immunity
4. vitamin E, vitamin C, and store-bought antioxidants
5. to help fight against bacteria and viruses that may enter the body.