Comments on: In Bats and Whales, Convergence in Echolocation Ability Runs Deep http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/ 9th Grade Biology Huntsville High School Mon, 30 Apr 2012 19:44:43 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.9.2 hourly 1 By: Cameron Toney http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-52432 Cameron Toney Wed, 14 Sep 2011 01:00:21 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-52432 1) Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation. 2) Current biology is a cell press publication. 3) Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation. 4) The echolocating bats and whales come out together. 5)Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters. 1) Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2) Current biology is a cell press publication.
3) Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
4) The echolocating bats and whales come out together.
5)Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters.

]]> By: CJ Hanson http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-51874 CJ Hanson Mon, 29 Aug 2011 22:39:52 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-51874 1.In bats and whales, convergence in echolocation runs deep. 2. The author is not listed. 3.I didn't see atime listed. 4.Some whales use echolocation. 1.In bats and whales, convergence in echolocation runs deep.
2. The author is not listed.
3.I didn’t see atime listed.
4.Some whales use echolocation.

]]> By: Cameron http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-51606 Cameron Wed, 24 Aug 2011 00:07:31 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-51606 1.Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation. 2. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins . 3.Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. 4.Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation. 5.The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water. 1.Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
3.Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water.

]]> By: Evan Khodabandeh http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-46149 Evan Khodabandeh Tue, 17 Aug 2010 02:12:10 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-46149 Only some bats and toothed whales use sophisticated echolocation, where they use sonar pulses and process returning echoes to find and track down small prey. They have a hearing gene called prestin in both bats and toothed whales that has picked up many of the same mutations over time. The prestin is found in the outter hair cells. Researchers also have evidence that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals. The one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds.The amino acid changes in prestin, there are very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability. Only some bats and toothed whales use sophisticated echolocation, where they use sonar pulses and process returning echoes to find and track down small prey. They have a hearing gene called prestin in both bats and toothed whales that has picked up many of the same mutations over time. The prestin is found in the outter hair cells.
Researchers also have evidence that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals. The one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds.The amino acid changes in prestin, there are very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.

]]> By: lisa smith http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-46055 lisa smith Sun, 15 Aug 2010 02:49:02 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-46055 *Some Bats and Toothed Whales rely on sophisticated echolocation *A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations *The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds * the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. * the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals related to this the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA *Some Bats and Toothed Whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
*A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations
*The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds
* the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
* the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals related to this the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA

]]> By: Lovada Belin http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-45969 Lovada Belin Fri, 13 Aug 2010 23:46:43 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-45969 Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins. Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing. The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales. Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand. Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins. Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing. The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales. Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.

]]> By: Libby Tortorigi http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-45954 Libby Tortorigi Fri, 13 Aug 2010 22:14:01 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-45954 Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level. The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected. “The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies. “However, it is generally assumed that most of these so-called convergent traits have arisen by different genes or different mutations. Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.” A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show. As a result, if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins. Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand. “The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds,” said Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan, who led the other study. “The sequence convergence occurred because the amino acid changes in prestin that result in high-frequency selection and sensitivity were strongly favored in echolocating mammals and because there are [apparently] very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.” Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea, Zhang explained. Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. These authors, along with Zhang’s team at Michigan, now show that convergence extends to echolocating dolphins. “We were surprised by the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals and, related to this, by the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA that we found,” Rossiter said. “We were especially excited to discover that these changes are likely to be adaptive, and also that nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats but instead remain with their true relatives, the even-toed ungulates.” Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out. “For example, bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to >100 meters. More importantly, the speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales. Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.” ANSWER: In this article it says that some toothed whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation. That is in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. This discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two unlikely groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than the scientists thought. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and toothed whales, a.k.a. dolphins, has picked up many of the same mutations over time. In conclusion, scientists still have some work to do before they fully understand this complicated experiment. Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies. “However, it is generally assumed that most of these so-called convergent traits have arisen by different genes or different mutations. Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.”
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show. As a result, if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
“The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds,” said Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan, who led the other study. “The sequence convergence occurred because the amino acid changes in prestin that result in high-frequency selection and sensitivity were strongly favored in echolocating mammals and because there are [apparently] very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.” Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea, Zhang explained.
Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. These authors, along with Zhang’s team at Michigan, now show that convergence extends to echolocating dolphins.
“We were surprised by the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals and, related to this, by the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA that we found,” Rossiter said. “We were especially excited to discover that these changes are likely to be adaptive, and also that nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats but instead remain with their true relatives, the even-toed ungulates.”
Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out. “For example, bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to >100 meters. More importantly, the speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales. Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
ANSWER:
In this article it says that some toothed whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation. That is in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. This discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two unlikely groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than the scientists thought. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and toothed whales, a.k.a. dolphins, has picked up many of the same mutations over time. In conclusion, scientists still have some work to do before they fully understand this complicated experiment.

]]> By: Madison Patty http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-45948 Madison Patty Fri, 13 Aug 2010 21:47:43 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-45948 Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Dolphins and bats have two different types of echolocation. Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Prestin can be found in outer hair cells. Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection. Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Dolphins and bats have two different types of echolocation. Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Prestin can be found in outer hair cells. Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection.

]]> By: Emma Renee http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-45916 Emma Renee Fri, 13 Aug 2010 00:54:55 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-45916 well i like whales so thats why i chose this one lol ok well here is my answer Whales and Bats have a high sound rate thing like they can here really good and stuff. They can hear all the way down to the molecular level. Two different groups or teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for. Although they rely on a similar ability bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation. ok yeah well there is my article summary <3 yoo mz.D well i like whales so thats why i chose this one lol
ok well here is my answer

Whales and Bats have a high sound rate thing like they can here really good and stuff. They can hear all the way down to the molecular level. Two different groups or teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for. Although they rely on a similar ability bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
ok yeah well there is my article summary <3 yoo mz.D

]]> By: deondre surles 6th period http://chandadavis.net/2010/01/27/in-bats-and-whales-convergence-in-echolocation-ability-runs-deep/comment-page-2/#comment-45308 deondre surles 6th period Mon, 26 Apr 2010 21:03:43 +0000 http://chandadavis.net/?p=1902#comment-45308 Some toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation. Prestin is found in some outer hair cells. It is also in bats and whales. Bats and whale vary in echolocation. They emit sonar pulses. Some toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.

Prestin is found in some outer hair cells.

It is also in bats and whales.

Bats and whale vary in echolocation.

They emit sonar pulses.

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