In Bats and Whales, Convergence in Echolocation Ability Runs Deep
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies. “However, it is generally assumed that most of these so-called convergent traits have arisen by different genes or different mutations. Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.”
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show. As a result, if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
“The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds,” said Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan, who led the other study. “The sequence convergence occurred because the amino acid changes in prestin that result in high-frequency selection and sensitivity were strongly favored in echolocating mammals and because there are [apparently] very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.” Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea, Zhang explained.
Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. These authors, along with Zhang’s team at Michigan, now show that convergence extends to echolocating dolphins.
“We were surprised by the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals and, related to this, by the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA that we found,” Rossiter said. “We were especially excited to discover that these changes are likely to be adaptive, and also that nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats but instead remain with their true relatives, the even-toed ungulates.”
Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out. “For example, bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to >100 meters. More importantly, the speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales. Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
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1.) Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.) A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
3.) Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.) Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.) The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
1) Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
2) Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
3) The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
4) “The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies.
5) A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
The discovery represents an unpre cedented
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time
Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.
”Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation
Some variatys of bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
A special gene known as prestin is in both nats and dolphines.
Whales and bats rely greatly on echolocation.
Bats whales and dolphines are some of the only animals that rely on echolocation.
Bats and whales have high frequency hearing.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studBoth research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
ies show.
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
3.Scientists showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out.
5.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
1. Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated ecolation
2. They have high-frequency hearing
3. Echolocation has evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.
4. A hearing gene,prestin, is in bats and dolphins.
5. Bats and Dolphins have differences in their ecolation but they are alike all the way down to the molecule level.
1. Two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated.
2. Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
3.Whales are much bigger than bats but can use te same technique.
4.Both bats and dolphins use Prestin.
5.
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphin has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
3.The echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
4.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
5.The speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales
1. Kinds of bats and toothed whales have a remarkable ability.
2. The echolotation they use goes down to a deep level, the molecular level.
3. The hearing gene that the bats and whales have is called prestin.
4. The results show that there arevery limited ways to hear high frequency sound.
5. But even though they have the ability, bats can hear up to 3 meters, where whales can hear up to 100 meters.
only bats and some whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
they were surpizedof some thing that is strength
they were surprise about the adaption
Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins
Our study shows that a complex trait has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphin
The speed of sound in air is about 20% that in water, making the info transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for wales
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins
bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters
whales use for ranges up to 100 meters
1.Only a few whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.Both the whale and bat rely on similar abilities.
3.Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear.
4.Convergence extends to echolocating dolphins and bats.
5.There are many different ways for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds.
1 This article is about bats and whales.
2 Some whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation.
3 Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear.
4 Echolocation ability runs deep in bats and whales.
5 Prestin is found in both of the animals amd posibly more
1. Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
3. Prestin had gone under a sequence of convergence.
4. They rely on similar ability.
5. Convergence extends to echoloctaing dolphins.
~ Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation to detect small prey.
~ Now, two new studies in a Cell Press publication show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable hearing it depends on are all the way down to the molecular level.
~ A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and toothed whales has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
~ The bats and toothed whales vary greatly in echolocation.
~ Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to 100 meters.
1) some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2)The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
3)A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
4)if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
5)bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters.
Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
They emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes to detect and track down small prey.
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
If you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone.
The echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
1)Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
2)emiting sonar pulses and process returning echoes is echolocation
3)it can be used to track down prey
4)two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication.
5)dolphins and bats have to different type of echolocation
Article Summary:
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.Two new studies in an issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated.
3.The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence.
4.Stephen Rossiter of the University of London is an author on one of the studies.
5.Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan led the other study.
scary
1) Some bats and whales use echolation to find small prey.
2) Two studies in the latest Current Biology, a cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable abiliity and the high frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated- all the way down to the molecular level.
3) The prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4) Bats and whales are very different in terms of echolocation.
5) The speed int the air is just abot 1/5 that in the water which makes the data transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than whales.
1*The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
2*Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
3*A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins
4*Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5*Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
1) Sometimes bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2) Bats and whales have the incredible ability to hear high frequency noises.
3) Bats ans whales might be in more common than scientists have realized.
4) Their study shows that a trait has volved in the identical genetic changes bats and dolphins.
5) They suggest that the high frequency hearing of a bat and whale rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
1. Some bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2. A hearing gene known as prestin are in bats and dolphins.
3.Dopans are somtimes called toothed wales.
4.Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5. The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
1.) Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes.
2.) Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated.
3.) The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups.
4.It suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
5.)A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
1.) Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.) A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
3.) Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.) Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.) The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
1. Bats process returning echoes.
2. Bats and whales have really well hearing.
3. Prestin is a hearing gene.
4. Prestin can be found in outer hair cells.
5. Prestin has undergone with bats.
1.Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
2.They have evolved characteristics similarly.
3.Tusks of elephants and walruses have evolved similarly.
4.Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection.
5.Prestin is found in outer hair cells.
1)Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2) A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphin.
3.) Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.) Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.) The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
1. Some bats and toothed whales use echolocation.
2. Their ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level.
3. A discovery suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
4. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
5. Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
Only some bats and whales rely on echolocation.
The speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water.
Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters.
Dolphins use echolocation of up to 100 meters.
The echolation is called Prestin.
Some bats And toothwhales rely on sophisticated-echolocation
They emit sonar pulses
Preston a hearing gene is in both bats and dolphins.
Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation
Whales use echolocation for ranges up to greater than a 100 meters
1.Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2.A hearing gene called prestin is in bats and dolphins.
3.The discovery is an example of adaptive sequence convergence between two groups.
4.Research evidence shows that prestin is critical for the animals’ echolocation.
5.Prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence of of echolocating bats.
1.Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene known as prestin are in bats and dolphins.
3. A discovery suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
4.Research evidence shows that prestin is critical for the animals’ echolocation.
5.Prestin is found in outer hair cells.
Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins has picked up many of the same mutations over time.Prestin is a hearing gene.
Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
Prestin is found in some outer hair cells.
It is also in bats and whales.
Bats and whale vary in echolocation.
They emit sonar pulses.
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
2.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
3.Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
4.Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea.
5.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
1 Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2 A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
3 Dolphins and bats have to different type of echolocation.
4 Dolphins have echolocation that can reach 100 meters.
5 Bats have echolocation up to 3 meters.
1.Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.Prestin is found in outer hair cells.
3. hearing gene called prestin is in bats and dolphins.
4.Research evidence shows that prestin is critical for the animals’ echolocation.
5.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
Andrew Rice Feb 6 5th period
1. some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication
3.bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level
4.“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently
5.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time
some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
a hearing gene known as prestin is in both bats and dolphins
the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins
the speed of sound in that in water, making the info transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than whales
whales use ranges up to 100 meters
Some variatys of bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
.bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level.
The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently.
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time.
1. Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
3. Prestin had gone under a sequence of convergence.Prestin is also found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea.
4. The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales.
5. Convergence extends to echoloctaing dolphins.
1.Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2. Prestin, a hearing gene,is in bats and dolphins.
3. Dolphins and bats have two different types of echolocation.
4.Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection.
5.Whales use for ranges up to 100 meters.
Some bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation. A hearing gene is found in both bats and dolphins. This hearing gene is called prestin. Dolphins and bats however do not have the same kind of echolocation. Dolphins have echolocation that can reach up to a 100 meters. Bats have echolocation that can reach up to 3 meters.
1. Some bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2.Prestin is a special gene is in both nats and dolphines.
3.Bats and whales have high frequency hearing.
4.Whwales and Bats vary in echolocation.
5. The speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
The discovery represents an unpre cedented
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time
Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.
”Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation
Only a few whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation.
This are article is about bats.
This article is about whales.
whales use ranges up too 100m
Dolphins are smart.