In Bats and Whales, Convergence in Echolocation Ability Runs Deep
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies. “However, it is generally assumed that most of these so-called convergent traits have arisen by different genes or different mutations. Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.”
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show. As a result, if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
“The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds,” said Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan, who led the other study. “The sequence convergence occurred because the amino acid changes in prestin that result in high-frequency selection and sensitivity were strongly favored in echolocating mammals and because there are [apparently] very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.” Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea, Zhang explained.
Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. These authors, along with Zhang’s team at Michigan, now show that convergence extends to echolocating dolphins.
“We were surprised by the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals and, related to this, by the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA that we found,” Rossiter said. “We were especially excited to discover that these changes are likely to be adaptive, and also that nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats but instead remain with their true relatives, the even-toed ungulates.”
Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out. “For example, bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to >100 meters. More importantly, the speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales. Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
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1.Bats and Dolphins have Prestin a hearing gene
2.Prestin is found in outer hair cells
3.Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation
4.The speed of the sound of air is 1/5 in water
5.nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats only with their relatives
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. They emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
3.The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence.
4.“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses.
5.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
-only some bats and whales with teeth lean on sophisticated echolocation
- in echolocation you learn to track down small prey
-current biology is a cell press publication
-stephen rossiter is an author on one of the studies
- echolocation evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins
1. only some bats and wales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. two new studies in january 26 issue of Current biology.
3. bats and wales vary greatly in echolocation.
4. Michigan’s Zhang pointed out bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3????meters.
5. wales range up to 100 m
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
2. A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
3.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins.
4.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
5.It depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated all the way down to the molecular level.
1. Some bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation to track doen pray.
2. Prestin, a hearing gene, is in bats and dolphins.
3. Bats and whales vary greatly echo;ocation.
4. Bats use it for ranges up to 3 meters.
5. Whales use it for ranges up to 100 meters.
Article Summary for February 15, 2010
1. Current biology is a cell press publication.
2. Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
3. Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
4. Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters.
5. The echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
1.Bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.Prestin is found on the outside layer hair.
3.BAts and whales have the same hearing gene.
4.In the ocean the speed of sound of air is 1/5.
5.Dolphins are one of the smartest animals.
An amount bats and whales that have teeth rely on sophisticated echolocation
They have sonar pulses and process returning echoes
They were givin this gift so that they can track down prey
Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing
Its at deeper levels than anyone would have experienced.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Dolphins and bats have two different types of echolocation. Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Prestin can be found in outer hair cells. Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection.
1.Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing.
2.Its at deeper levels than anyone would have experienced.
3.Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters.
4.Whales use it for ranges up to 100 meters.
5.Prestin is found in outer hair cells.
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
3.Scientists showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out.
5.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
1. Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing.
2. Presin is found on the outer hair cells
.3. Whales use it for up to 100 meters.
4. Bats and wales vary greatly on echolocation.
5. The speed of the sound of air is 1/5 in water.
1. Some bats and whales rely on echolocation.
2. They have sonar pulses and process returning echoes.
3. Prestin is found on the outside layer hair.
4. Wales range up to 100 m long.
5. Current biology is a cell press publication.
~A special gene known as prestin is found in both bats and whales
~Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation
~Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
~They use it to track down small prey
~Bats use this up to 3 meters whereas whales can use this up to100 meters
1) only some bats and whales rely on sophisticated ecolatio
2) bats and dolphins have prestin a hearing gene
3) dolphins and bats have different types of echoloation
4)
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
Studies show that bats’ and whales’ have remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing and depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated.
Hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
If you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
The high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
The discovery represents an unpre cedented
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time
Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.
”Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show.
3.Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for.
4.Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence.
5.Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out.
1. Some whales and bats use echolocation, wich is when they sonar pulses and process echoes, to find small prey.
2. A hearuing gene called prestin that has caused bats and whales to mutilate.
3. Prestin is found on the outter hair cells and used as a sound amplifier in the inner ear.
4. The prestin gene has undergone sequence movmnent among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
5. , Bats use echolocation ranges up to 3… meters, but whales use ranges up to 100 meters.
~Only some bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
~ A hearing gene know as prestin are in both bats and dolphins.
~ Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
~ Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence.
~Prestin is found in outer hair cells that are an amplifier in the inner ear.
1.Only some bats and whales rely on sophisticated ecolatio.
2. Prestin is found in outer hair cells.
3.Two new studies in january 26 issue of Current biology.
4.Whales use ranges up to 100 meters.
5. A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
1.a whale is able to do almosst the same as a bat
2.a bat is just like a whle accept its smaller than a whale and can fly
3.they both are deep in this
4,there ability is incredible
5.there are both animals
1.Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
2. A hearing gene, prestin, is in both bats and dolphons.
3.A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins.
4.Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.
5.It depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated all the way down to the molecular level and stuff.
1. Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing.
2. Presin is found on the outer hair cells.
3. Whales use it for up to 100 meters.
4. Some bats and whales rely on echolocation.
5. They vary greatly on echoloctation.
1. some bats are toothed, but wheals rely on sophisticated echolocation
2. bats have a special gene called pristion
3. prestion is found in outter hair cells
1)Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2)echolocation is in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey.
3)Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level
4)The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence
5)It is between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
1. only some bats and whales rely onecholocation
2. echolocation is where they send sonar pulses to track small prey
3. presin is found in the outer hair cells
4. whale use it for up to 100 meters
5. presin is inbothbats and whales
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than
1.) Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2.) A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
3.) Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.) Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.) The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales
Some toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
Prestin is found in some outer hair cells.
It is also in bats and whales.
Bats and whale vary in echolocation.
They emit sonar pulses.
well i like whales so thats why i chose this one lol
ok well here is my answer
Whales and Bats have a high sound rate thing like they can here really good and stuff. They can hear all the way down to the molecular level. Two different groups or teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for. Although they rely on a similar ability bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
ok yeah well there is my article summary <3 yoo mz.D
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Dolphins and bats have two different types of echolocation. Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Prestin can be found in outer hair cells. Amino acids change prestin result in high frequency selection.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. Now, two new studies in the January 26th issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, show that bats’ and whales’ remarkable ability and the high-frequency hearing it depends on are shared at a much deeper level than anyone would have anticipated — all the way down to the molecular level.
The discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two highly divergent groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than scientists had suspected.
“The natural world is full of examples of species that have evolved similar characteristics independently, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses,” said Stephen Rossiter of the University of London, an author on one of the studies. “However, it is generally assumed that most of these so-called convergent traits have arisen by different genes or different mutations. Our study shows that a complex trait — echolocation — has in fact evolved by identical genetic changes in bats and dolphins.”
A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations over time, the studies show. As a result, if you draw a phylogenetic tree of bats, whales, and a few other mammals based on similarities in the prestin sequence alone, the echolocating bats and whales come out together rather than with their rightful evolutionary cousins.
Both research teams also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
“The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds,” said Jianzhi Zhang of the University of Michigan, who led the other study. “The sequence convergence occurred because the amino acid changes in prestin that result in high-frequency selection and sensitivity were strongly favored in echolocating mammals and because there are [apparently] very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.” Prestin is found in outer hair cells that serve as an amplifier in the inner ear, refining the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea, Zhang explained.
Rossiter’s team, including Shuyi Zhang of East China Normal University, showed previously that the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats. These authors, along with Zhang’s team at Michigan, now show that convergence extends to echolocating dolphins.
“We were surprised by the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals and, related to this, by the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA that we found,” Rossiter said. “We were especially excited to discover that these changes are likely to be adaptive, and also that nonecholocating whales do not group with the bats but instead remain with their true relatives, the even-toed ungulates.”
Although they rely on a similar ability, in fact “bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation,” Michigan’s Zhang pointed out. “For example, bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3???? meters, whereas whales use for ranges up to >100 meters. More importantly, the speed of sound in air is about one-fifth that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission much slower for bats than for whales. Despite these gross differences, our findings suggest that the high-frequency acoustic sensitivities and selectivities of bat and whale echolocation appear to rely on a common molecular design of prestin.”
ANSWER:
In this article it says that some toothed whales and bats rely on sophisticated echolocation. That is in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. This discovery represents an unprecedented example of adaptive sequence convergence between two unlikely groups and suggests that such convergence at the sequence level might be more common than the scientists thought. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and toothed whales, a.k.a. dolphins, has picked up many of the same mutations over time. In conclusion, scientists still have some work to do before they fully understand this complicated experiment.
Only some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation, in which they emit sonar pulses and process returning echoes, to detect and track down small prey. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins. Bats and whales have high-frequency hearing. The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water, making the information transfer during sonar transmission slower for bats than for whales. Scientists also have evidence showing that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals’ echolocation for reasons the researchers don’t yet fully understand.
*Some Bats and Toothed Whales rely on sophisticated echolocation
*A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins (a toothed whale) has picked up many of the same mutations
*The results imply that there are very limited ways, if not only one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds
* the prestin gene has undergone sequence convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
* the strength of support for convergence between these two groups of mammals related to this the sheer number of convergent changes in the coding DNA
Only some bats and toothed whales use sophisticated echolocation, where they use sonar pulses and process returning echoes to find and track down small prey. They have a hearing gene called prestin in both bats and toothed whales that has picked up many of the same mutations over time. The prestin is found in the outter hair cells.
Researchers also have evidence that those changes to prestin were selected for, suggesting that they must be critical for the animals. The one way, for a mammal to hear high-frequency sounds.The amino acid changes in prestin, there are very limited ways in which prestin can acquire this ability.
1.Some bats and toothed whales rely on sophisticated echolocation.
2. A hearing gene known as prestin in both bats and dolphins .
3.Prestin gene has undergone a sequence of convergence among unrelated lineages of echolocating bats.
4.Bats and Whales vary greatly in echolocation.
5.The speed of sound in air is about 1/5 that in water.
1.In bats and whales, convergence in echolocation runs deep.
2. The author is not listed.
3.I didn’t see atime listed.
4.Some whales use echolocation.
1) Bats and toothed whales rely on echolocation.
2) Current biology is a cell press publication.
3) Bats and whales vary greatly in echolocation.
4) The echolocating bats and whales come out together.
5)Bats use echolocation for ranges up to 3 meters.