Ethanol-Powered Vehicles Generate More Ozone Than Gas-Powered Ones
Ethanol — often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil — would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter, according to a new study led by Stanford researchers.
Ozone production from both gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter, because heat and sunlight contribute to ozone formation. But E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
“What we found is that at the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a slight increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce,” said Diana Ginnebaugh, a doctoral candidate in civil and environmental engineering, who worked on the study. She will present the results of the study on Tuesday, Dec. 15, at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. “But even a slight increase is a concern, especially in a place like Los Angeles, because you already have episodes of high ozone that you have to be concerned about, so you don’t want any increase.”
But it was at colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
“We found a pretty substantial increase in ozone production from E85 at cold temperatures, relative to gasoline when emissions and atmospheric chemistry alone were considered,” Ginnebaugh said. Although ozone is generally lower under cold-temperature winter conditions, “If you switched to E85, suddenly you could have a place like Denver exceeding ozone health-effects limits and then they would have a health concern that they don’t have now.”
The problem with cold weather emissions arises because the catalytic converters used on vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency. So until they get warm, a larger proportion of pollutants escapes from the tailpipe into the air.
There are other pollutants that would increase in the atmosphere from burning E85 instead of gasoline, some of which are irritants to eyes, throats and lungs, and can also damage crops, but the aldehydes are the biggest contributors to ozone production, as well as being carcinogenic.
Ginnebaugh worked with Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering, using vehicle emissions data from some earlier studies and applying it to the Los Angeles area to model the likely output of pollutants from vehicles.
Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, which can run on E85, will likely be in use. They estimated that vehicle emissions would be about 60 percent less than today, because automotive technology will likely continue to become cleaner over time. They investigated two scenarios, one that had all the vehicles running on E85 and another in which the vehicles all ran on gasoline.
Running a widely used, complex model involving over 13,000 chemical reactions, they did repeated simulations at different ambient temperatures for the two scenarios, each time simulating a 48-hour period. They used the average ozone concentrations during each of those periods for comparison.
They found that at warm temperatures, from freezing up to 41 degrees Celsius (give F conversion), in bright sunlight, E85 raised the concentration of ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than produced by gasoline. At cold temperatures, from freezing down to minus 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations by up to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
“What we are saying with these results is that you see an increase,” Ginnebaugh said. “We are not saying that this is the exact magnitude you are going to get in a given urban area, because it is really going to vary from city to city depending on a lot of other factors such as the amount of natural vegetation, traffic levels, and local weather patterns.”
Ginnebaugh said the results of the study represent a preliminary analysis of the impact of E85. More data from studies of the emissions of flex fuel vehicles at various temperatures would help refine the estimates, she said.
Paul Livingstone contributed to the study while he was a postdoctoral researcher in civil and environmental engineering. He now works for the California Air Resources Board.
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1.Ehtanol powered vechicles generate more ozone than powered ones.
2. Ehtanol is a clean burning renewable fuel that could help the enviroment
3. Ozone works better in warm sunny weather.
4. Ozone is made from both gasoline & E85. E85 is a blend of gasoline & ethanol.
5. E85 is more effective in the winter.
1. studies are lead by stanford researchers
2. The research could provide a better ozone
3. E85 added to high tempatures adds on to the ozone
4. Ozone is added even more when E85 is added to colled tempatures
5. the result is to use less E85.
1.Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, which can run on E85, will likely be in use.
2. But E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
3.But it was at colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
4.So until they get warm, a larger proportion of pollutants escapes from the tailpipe into the air.
5.Paul Livingstone contributed to the study while he was a postdoctoral researcher in civil and environmental engineering.
1. Ethanol — often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil — would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter, according to a new study led by Stanford researchers.
2. Ozone production from both gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter, because heat and sunlight contribute to ozone formation.
3. E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
4. At colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
5. The problem with cold weather emissions arises because the catalytic converters used on vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency. So until they get warm, a larger proportion of pollutants escapes from the tailpipe into the air.
1.gas is harder to find.
2. this could put oil out of buisness
3.e-r is something like a gas
4.it could cause health problems
5.its a dangerous fluid
Ethanol often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil. Ethanol 85 gas is mixed with 25% gasoline and 855 of ethanol gas. Unlike gasoline, it generates sudstantially aldehydes.
In warm tempertures, with E85, it slightly increase in the ozone but during temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly. Today E85 gas is now being used in large-produced vechicls, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, they estimated that vehicle emissions would be about 60 percent less than today.
Ethanol could worsen health problems because it’s producing more polution in the ozon, especially in the winter. It’s worse in the winter because heat and sunlight contribute to ozon formation. When vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency pollutants come out of the tailpipe. Aldehydes are giving the ozone the most pollution. At warm temperatures, scientists found E85 raised the concentration of ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than gasoline produced.
1. Ethanol is sometimes promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help the nation from oil would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone.
2. Ozone production is a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol.
3. They found that at the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
4. They found out that at warm temperatures, from freezing up to 41 degrees Celsius in bright sunlight.
5.At cold temperatures from freezing to negative 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
1.Ethanol often promoted as a clean-burning fuel.
2.Renewable fuel that could help clean the nation from oil.
3.Ozone production from both gasoline and E85 is used in cars.
4.A blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol is very hot.
5.They estimated that vehicle emissions would be about 60 percent less than today because cars will be cleaner than today.
1.Ethanol is sometimes promoted as a clean- burining reusable fuel that would protect us from oil would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone.
2.Ozone production is from gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol.
3. Scientist found out that at the hotter climates, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
4.at hotter temperatures, from freezing up to 41 degrees Celsius in bright sunlight.
5.At cold temperatures from freezing to negative 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
.
-E85 is a blend of gasoline and ethonal
-E85 is 85% ethonal
-E85 is beginning to be used in mass produced vehicles
-heath impacts of E85 are increased in freezing temperatures
-E85 raised ozone conseentrations by up to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline
1.Ethanol – often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil.
2.Ethanol would worsen the ozone layer that gas would.
3. This is a new reserch from stanford reserchers.
4.We should use E85 instead of gasoline.
5 It was at colder temperatures that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt strongly.
~ Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil
~ It would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter
~ E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol
~ E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone
~ Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles that run on E85 will likely be in use
Ethanol would worsen the ozone layer that gas would.E85 is 85% ethanol.Scientist found out that at the hotter climates.Ethanol often promoted as a clean-burning fuel.Studies are lead by Stanford researchers.
Ethanol would worsen the ozone layer that gas would.We should use E85 instead of gasoline.E85 is 85% ethanol.Ozone production is from gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol.Ethanol is sometimes promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help the nation from oil would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone.
Ethanol — often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil
Ozone production from both gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather
“What we found is that at the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a slight increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce,” said Diana Ginnebaugh
Ginnebaugh said the results of the study represent a preliminary analysis of the impact of E85.
More data from studies of the emissions of flex fuel vehicles at various temperatures would help refine the estimates, she said.
But it was at colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
1. Ethanol could worsen health problems because it’s producing more polution in the ozon, especially in the winter.
2. This research could provide a better ozone.
3. The problem with cold weather emissions arises is because the catalytic converters used on vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency.
4. Warm temperatures, from freezing up to 41 degrees Celsius in bright sunlight.
5. E85 has raised the concentration of ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than produced by gasoline.
1.ethanol isoften promoted as a clean burning
2. lead by stanford researchers
3.e85 is 85 percent ethanol
4.ozone works better in warm sunny weather
5.e85 raised ozone concentrations by up to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline
1. studies are lead by stanford researchers
2. The research could provide a better ozone
3. E85 added to high tempatures adds on to the ozone
4. Ozone is added even more when E85 is added to colled tempatures
5. the result is to use less E85.
1. They found that at the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
2. Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, which can run on E85, will likely be in use.
3. E85 is 85% ethonal
4. you should use less E85
5. Ehtanol powered vechicles generate more ozone than powered ones.
~Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel.
~Ozone production is a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol.
~This is a new reserch from stanford reserchers.
~Scientist found out that at the hotter climates, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
~ It could cause severe health problems.
1.Ethanol is clean burning and renewable fuel.
2.In the 2020 vehicles which can run on E85 will be in use.
3.They found that at warm temperatures in sunlight E85 raised ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than gasoline.
4.More polluntants would increase in the atmosphere from burning E85.
5.Ethanol creates more ozone than regular gasoline.
E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
When vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency pollutants come out of the tailpipe.
Ethanol 85 gas is mixed with 25% gasoline and 855 of ethanol gas.
They estimated that vehicle emissions would be about 60 percent less than today, because automotive technology will likely continue to become cleaner over time.At cold temperatures from freezing to negative 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
1.E85 is 85% ethanal
2.Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel
3.Ozone is made from both gasoline & E85
4.E85 is more effective in the winter
5.E85 is beginning to be used in mass produced vehicles
1.E85 is 85% ethanal
2.Ethanal is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel
3.Ozone is made from both gasoline & E85
4.E85 is more effective in the winter
5.E85 is beginning to be used in mass produced vehicles
1. Ethanol — often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil — would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone.
2. E85 produces different by products of combustion than gasoline.
3. Diana Ginnebaugh has presented the results of the study on Tuesday, Dec. 15.
4. The problem with cold weather emissions arises because the catalytic converters used on vehicles have to warm up before they reach full efficiency.
5. There are other pollutants that would increase in the atmosphere from burning E85 instead of gasoline.
1. Ethanol could worsen health problems
2. Eythanol is producing more polution in the ozon, especially in the winter.
3. When vehicles warm up before they reach full efficiency pollutants come out of the tailpipe.
4. Aldehydes are giving the ozone the most pollution.
5. At cold temperatures from freezing to negative 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
1. Ethanol could worsen health problems caused by the ozone.
2. E85 is a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 % ethanol.
3. Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel.
4. Ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather.
5. E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline.
Andrew Rice Feb19 5th period
1.Ethanol is clean burning and renewable fuel.
2. Eythanol is producing more polution in the ozon, especially in the winter
3. Gas is harder to find
4. E85 is 85% ethonal
5.Its a dangerous fluid
1.E85 is 85% ethanal
2.Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel
3.Ozone is made from both gasoline & E85
4.E85 is more effective in the winter
5.E85 is beginning to be used in mass produced vehicles
1. Ethanol can worsen problems.
2. E85 is a combionation of gasoline and ethanol.
3. E85 work stonger at cold temperatures.
4. At warmer temperatures,raised the ozone air and gasoline.
5. Paul Livingstone was an environmental engineer.
1. It is a dangerous fluid.
2. You should use less E85.
3. 85% is ethanol
4. E85 is more affective in the winter.
5. The research could provide a better ozone.
ethnol can worsen problems
e85 is 85% ethonal
e85 is better in cold tempiture
e85 is a conbination of gasoline and ethonal
u should use less e85
Ethanol could worsen health problems because it’s producing more polution in the ozon, especially in the winter. Ozone production is a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol. Ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather. Scientist found out that at the hotter climates, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce. The research could provide a better ozone.
1.Ethanol would likely worsen health problems caused by the ozone.
2.Ozone production from both gasoline and E85 is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter.
3.Warmer temperatures with E85 there is a slight increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
4.Diana Ginnebaugh is a doctoral candidate in civil and environmental engineering.
5.Research could provide a much better ozone.
Ethanol would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter, according to a new study led by Stanford researchers.Ozone production from both gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter, because heat and sunlight contribute to ozone formation.At the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a slight increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.E85 raised the concentration of ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than produced by gasoline.Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020,will likely be in use.
1 These studies are lead by Stanford students.
2 Ethanol is a clean burning fuel.
3 It is causing problems with the ozone, especially on winter days.
4 Alot of gasoline contains 85% ethanol.
5 In warmer temperatures, there is a slight increase in ozone with ethanol as opposed to regular gas.
Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, which can run on E85, will likely be in use.
But E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
But it was at colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
So until they get warm, a larger proportion of pollutants escapes from the tailpipe into the air.
Paul Livingstone contributed to the study while he was a postdoctoral researcher in civil and environmental engineering.
1)Ethonol can cause health promblems.
2)Ethonol is a clean burning fuel.
3)ethonol can make matters worse.
4)It is the cause of the ozone promblems, ecspecially in winter.
5)Reasearch could provide a much better ozone.
Ethonal would worsen health problems caused by ozone.
Compared to gasoline, ethonal would be worse.
E85 impacts health in the cold weather more than in the warm.
The results of the study represent a preliminary analysis of the impact of E85.
Research could provide better ozone.
1. Ethanol can help wean the nation from oil.
2. This could make health problems worse because of ozone.
3. These studies are by Stanford students.
4. Ozone production is greater in warm sunny weather than during cold weather.
5. This is because heat and sunlight contribute to ozone formation.
1.Ethanol could worsen health problems because it’s producing more polution in the ozone.
2.Scientist found out that at the hotter climates, with E85, there is a small increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce.
3.But E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
4.There are other pollutants that would increase in the atmosphere from burning E85 instead of gasoline, some of which are irritants to eyes, throats and lungs, and can also damage crops, but the aldehydes are the biggest contributors to ozone production, as well as being carcinogenic.
5.Ozone is made from both gasoline and E85. E85 is a blend of gasoline and ethanol.
Ozone production is from gasoline and E85, a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 percent ethanol.
it was at colder temperatures, below freezing, that it appeared the health impacts of E85 would be felt most strongly.
Diana Ginnebaugh is a doctoral candidate in civil and environmental engineering.
E85 impacts health in the cold weather more than in the warm
Reasearch could provide a much better ozone.
Ethanol would likley worsen health problems caused by ozone.
Ethanol is often promoted as a clean – burning, renewable fuel.
stanford researchers found a pretty substantial increase in ozone production for E85 at cold temperatures.
E85 is only beginning to be used in mass-produced vehchicles.
There are other pollutants that would increase in the atmosphere form burning E85 instead of gasoline.
E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline and generates substantially more aldehydes, which are precursors to ozone.
This could make health problems worse because of ozone.
Ethanol 85 gas is mixed with 25% gasoline and 855 of ethanol gas.
They estimated that vehicle emissions would be about 60 percent less than today, because automotive technology will likely continue to become cleaner over time.At cold temperatures from freezing to negative 37 degrees Celsius, they found E85 raised ozone concentrations to 39 parts per billion more than gasoline.
1. Ethonal is often promoted as a clean burning fuel.
2. It would also worsen health problems caused by ozone.
3. Ozone production is from gasoline and E85.
4. A blend of gasoline and ethonal is 85% ethonal.
5. This study is from stanford teachers.
1.Because E85 is only now beginning to be used in mass-produced vehicles, the researchers projected for the year 2020, when more “flex fuel” vehicles, which can run on E85, will likely be in use.
2.Ozone production from both gasoline and E85 is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter.
3.Ethanol would likely worsen health problems caused by the ozone
4. Ozone production is greater in warm sunny weather than during cold weather.
4.Diana Ginnebaugh is a doctoral candidate in civil and environmental engineering.
1. Ethanol could worsen health problems caused by the ozone.
2. E85 is a blend of gasoline and ethanol that is 85 % ethanol.
3. Ethanol is often promoted as a clean-burning fuel.
4. Ethanol, is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather.
5. E85 produces different byproducts of combustion than gasoline.
1)Ethanol — often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil — would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter.
2)“What we found is that at the warmer temperatures, with E85, there is a slight increase in ozone compared to what gasoline would produce,” said Diana Ginnebaugh
3)A pretty substantial increase in ozone production from E85 at cold temperatures was found , relative to gasoline when emissions and atmospheric chemistry alone were considered .
4)Although ozone is generally lower under cold-temperature winter conditions, “If you switched to E85, suddenly you could have a place like Denver exceeding ozone health-effects limits and then they would have a health concern that they don’t have now.
5)E85 produces different byproducts than gasoline.
1. Ethanol could start to worsen health problems.
2. Ozone production from both gasoline and E85 is greater in warm sunny weather than during the cold weather and short days of winter, because heat and sunlight contribute to ozone formation.
3. Etahnol is a clean-burning fuel.
4. There are other pollutants that would increase in the atmosphere from burning E85 instead of gasoline.
5. They found that at warm temperatures, from freezing up to 41 degrees Celsius in bright sunlight, E85 raised the concentration of ozone in the air by up to 7 parts per billion more than produced by gasoline.